The Protective Effects of Jamun Seeds and Orange Peels Extracts on Calcitonin Cells and Parathyroid Glands Against Cypermethrin Toxicity

Background:This study aimed to investigate changes in calcitonin cells (C cells) and parathyroid glands (PTG) induced by cypermethrin exposure in rats and evaluate the protective effects of jamun seeds (Syzygium cumini; JSE) and orange peels (Citrus sinensis; OPE) extracts. Methods:Wistar rats (N=120) were treated in groups of 20 each as: Group A: Controls; Group B: cypermethrin (CY); Group C: cypermethrin and JSE; Group D: cypermethrin and OPE; Group E: OPE; Group F: JSE. Thyro-parathyroid tissue samples were fixed on days 15 or 30 following each treatment. Results:Cypermethrin treatment in rats either alone or combined with JSE or OPE caused degranulation of calcitonin cells and mitochondrial enlargement on day 15 of exposure. Nuclear volume of C cells in groups B, C and D remained unchanged. On day 30, we found increased nuclear volumes, accumulation of secretory granules and degeneration of C cells.  In groups E and F no changes in the morphology of C cells were observed. The PTG cells treated with cypermethrin or CY+JSE or CY+OPE over 15 days exhibited hyperchromatic, elongated and increased in volume of the nuclei. The nuclei of PTG cells treated with cypermethrin, CY+JSE or CY+OPE were hyperchromatic and elongated on day 30. Degenerate nuclei were detected after cypermethrin treatment, and the nuclear volumes were increased on day 30. In groups E and F there were no changes in PTG cells on days 15 and 30 post treatment. Conclusions:Cypermethrin provoked alterations in the calcitonin and PTG cells, with microscopic evidence of protection after treatment with JSE and OPE.